Human Function: Aristotle’s Basis for Ethical Value Essay -- Philosoph

Human Function: Aristotle’s Basis for Ethical Value I. Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics Depend on the Human Function Aristotle presents an arrangement of goodness morals in Nicomachean Ethics. This work presents a prescriptive hypothesis with the point of demonstrating how people may arrive at an appropriate condition of satisfaction where the normal human end is satisfied. This end is viewed as an end in itself to which subordinate finishes are connected. This ace end itself is comprehended as a sort of action as opposed to an express that can be accomplished with a constrained arrangement of activities, and this action is portrayed as a general act of acting great as per reason. The Ethics dispatches an investigation into what makes human joy, or eudaimonia, conceivable, and Aristotle accepts this is the most noteworthy useful for humankind. Aristotle communicates this great similar to the best quality that activity goes after, which is something independent, and he proposes that to comprehend activity we ought to get work. He presents his idea of the human capacity and says that people must capa city well so as to arrive at the most elevated great. Working great is what is comprehended as righteousness, thus his arrangement of goodness morals is generally worried about people working admirably. Working great is viewed as focusing on a mean among abundance and inadequacy. The excellence of a thing is comprehended as far as its capacity. A capacity satisfies a need, and a need is met by being given the perfect measure of something yet not all that much or excessively little. This is the reason a skilled worker plans merchandise without overabundance or insufficiency †so they will work well †and moreover human goodness must be comprehended as pointing among abundance and inadequacy. So the Nicomachean Ethics builds up a framework where all val... ...ve. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1998. Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. David Ross. New York: Oxford University Press, 1925. Irwin, Terence. Aristotle’s First Principles. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Kraut, Richard. Aristotle on the Human Good. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989. MacIntyre, Alasdair. After Virtue. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981. Plato. Protagoras. Trans. Stanley Lombardo and Karen Bell. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1992. Reeve, C. D. C. Practices of Reason: Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. 1 C. D. C. Reeve, Practices of Reason: Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992) 124. 2 Richard Kraut, Aristotle on the Human Good (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989) 313-16. 3 Reeve 125-26.

Chapter 8 Problems Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Part 8 Problems - Coursework Example Question 4: The presentation of an item into another market is consistently the most troublesome part of showcasing; the objective market has no data about the item and along these lines requires however much data about the item as could reasonably be expected. Such is the scrape that faces ACO, which tries to enter the Flint Michigan advertise. The company’s starting showcasing methodology ought to accept common instruction structure with the organization attempting to teach and advise the objective market of the nearness and quintessence of its item. This infers the new organization should put more cash in running media adverts. The adverts should convey a ton of data about the items focusing on the qualities and advantages of the items. At the point when the organization brings a second item into the market, the promoting system should in this way change so as to join the new item and license it to guarantee its own piece of the pie. The new item will be an opposition to th e company’s beginning item. Moreover, the new item depicts decent variety an advertising methodology that will extend the company’s piece of the pie. The media messages for the two organizations inferable from the presentation of the new item should change. The new adverts ought not repudiate each other yet show the qualities of the two items. Such messages should guarantee the decent variety they present in the market yet should do whatever it takes not to go after a similar market. Moreover, the advert ought not run simultaneously yet on the off chance that they do, the messages they convey must supplement one another. Question 5: The arrangement between the Vietnamese government and the Stanford clinical focus present a problematic showcasing circumstance that requires the two gatherings to exchange off a few parts of their tasks and markets. By giving the American clinical school and chance to run the national emergency clinic in Vietnam, the administration denies the nation a chance to set up such her very own focal point. By executing such an activity, the Vietnamese’s government denies the neighborhood populace a chance to put resources into the potential training place. A similar dilemma circumstance faces the clinical school, which must build up a conclusive arrangement of tapping onto the chance to extend its activities. The new office will request more to work than its previously working office in America (Berkowitz, 2011). The scholastic foundation should bargain its neighborhood market to set up the office in the new district. This infers it should utilize a portion of its best human asset to supervise the setting up of the new business to the detriment of its market position in the United States. Moreover, the open door furnishes the scholarly organization with an opportunity to broaden its administrations and adventure into the travel industry too. While this may improve its income and piece of the overall industry, it will introduce bunch the board challenges that may influence the notoriety of the mother association. Question 6: Apparently, the multispecialty bunch presents various difficulties to the organizations since the gathering is both enormous and differing. It requests in this way continue changing hence smothering any endeavor by any of the organizations to keep up a consistent gracefully of items. In spite of the eccentric idea of the market, Eclipsis stands a decent chance to claims a portion of the market since

Unit 12 Btec P1 – Task P1A

P1 †Describe the job web promoting has in an advanced showcasing setting utilizing chosen associations as models Internet advertising has assumed a significant job as a methods for publicizing. A wide range of organizations have profited by web showcasing with regards to cost, relationship building and deals. In a flash a great many individuals can approach an organization, its items or administrations, and this should be possible whenever anyplace on the planet. Generally correspondence is done by means of email decreasing expenses in calls also. Furthermore, this advantages not just organizations which don't have to spend enormous wholes of cash on conventional methods of publicizing yet in addition benefits buyers who don't have to make calls to find out about an organization and its items or administrations; it is conceivable to discover everything with a couple of snaps. Web promoting is likewise used to close arrangements which make the procedure simpler and less expensive for the business and the client. Indeed, even a cell phone contract arrangement should be possible through web these days. Web promoting additionally helps focusing on abroad customers as items or administrations effectively arrive at clients anyplace on the planet through web showcasing. Relationship building is likewise one reason why organizations use web showcasing; this should be possible through messages got to refresh clients with most recent items, administrations or news; another approach to fabricate great connection with clients is by offering them benefits that should be possible online without the issue of going out to determine an issue. One model is web based financial where banks offer clients the office of dropping direct charges, make installments or moves in no time.

Manila and Jose Rizal Essay

1. What is the significance of Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings? The significance of Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings ought to be cherished preeminent by the Filipinos, since he is â€Å"The Greatest Man of the Malay Race†. Rizal enlivened the Filipinos of Republic in Asia. Furthermore, all together us to know, comprehend and acknowledge what is the life, works and compositions of our most noteworthy legend as Filipino residents. 2. Why Jose Rizal is our National saint? The best saint of the Philippines was a â€Å"many-splendored† virtuoso. He was lavishly dowered by God with heavenly intelligent, good and physical characteristics and he does numerous things in our nation that anybody can’t do. 3. Who made Jose Rizal the first legend of the Philippines? The guardians of Dr. Jose Rizal was the person who made him the principal legend, likewise one of the patrons that made Rizal a saint is her family members, tutors and companions. 4. What is the Republic Act. 1425? Republic Act. 1425 known as a law orders all instructive establishment in the Philippines to offer courses about Jose Rizal’s life, works and compositions remember for the Curriculum of all Public and Private schools, universities and colleges courses. 5. Why Dr. Jose Rizal was executed in Bagong Bayan field on December 30. 1896? It is known as the â€Å"executioners place† there were numerous who were executed however Jose Rizal was the most questionable. Early morning of December 30, 1896 was executed.

An Overview of Perinatal Depression

An Overview of Perinatal Depression January 30, 2020 More in Depression Types Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Childhood Depression Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Diagnosis   Treatment Coping Pregnancy and the weeks immediately following birth are physically, emotionally, and mentally challenging. It’s not uncommon to experience feelings of elation and happiness one minute, only to feel sadness, fatigue, and increased anxiety the next. While these emotions can reflect expectable  mood swings during pregnancy  and postpartum, there are instances when these changes in mood may be reflective of something more serious.   Perinatal depression is one of the most common medical complications during pregnancy and the postpartum period, affecting one in seven women.?? There are several terms used to describe mood disorders that result in depressive feelings during pregnancy or after birth including, postpartum depression, maternal depression, prenatal depression, and postnatal depression. Perinatal depression covers the period of pregnancy through the first 12 months after delivery.   Symptoms It’s natural to experience emotional ups and downs during pregnancy and the postpartum period; mild mood changes during pregnancy are common. However, if they persist or get worse, it’s time to talk to your doctor. Symptoms of perinatal depression include: Persistent sadnessFeelings of emptinessFeelings of hopelessnessFrequent cryingReduced ability to think or concentrateTrouble sleepingFatigue or low energyIrritability  Increased feelings of anxiety and worryLoss of interest in caring for self and/or childLoss of interest in activities you once enjoyedPoor bonding with babyChanges in appetite and weightThoughts of death or suicide In general, if feelings of depression or anxiety persist for a few weeks or interfere with daily activities, it is time to ask for help.?? Do You Know the Signs of Clinical Depression? Causes The causes of perinatal depression range from a variety of medical, social, and psychiatric vulnerabilities. That said, depression is more common in women than men, with twice as many women being affected. The initial onset of symptoms often peaks during the reproductive years, which points to hormonal activity as one of the causes of perinatal depression. ?? Shifting hormones during pregnancy and in the postpartum period may play a role in symptoms of depression.   Several risk factors exist for perinatal depression including:?? Personal or family history of depressionMaternal anxietyLife stressLack of social supportUnintended pregnancySmoking  Poor relationship qualityHistory of physical or sexual abusePregnancy complications Women with current depression or anxiety that become pregnant should be closely monitored during pregnancy and the postpartum period.   Factors That Could Increase Your Risk of Depression Diagnosis   Diagnosing perinatal depression follows some of the same guidelines as diagnosing other forms of depression, but your doctor will consider the peripartum onset as an important specifier, often resulting in a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with Peripartum Onset.?? That said, there are some slight discrepancies in the time frame of perinatal depression between the DSM-5 and other organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). The DSM-5 cites symptom onset as occurring any time during pregnancy or within four weeks of delivery, yet many professional organizations, including the ACOG, acknowledge that symptoms of perinatal depression can occur up to 12 months after delivery. The ACOG recommends screening women at least once during the perinatal period for depression and anxiety symptoms, with a follow-up screening during the comprehensive postpartum visit.?? The ACOG and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) both recommend screening with a validated tool such as the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), which is a simple, 10-question screen that is completed by the mother. Depending on the responses, your doctor may treat you, or refer you for additional mental health services.   Living With Generalized Anxiety Disorder When Youre Pregnant Treatment Even though the daily symptoms can feel overwhelming and permanent at times, perinatal depression is treatable. Through a combination of different therapies, medications, and self-care, you can begin to feel better.   Since perinatal depression is under the umbrella of depressive disorders, adhering to the proven therapeutic options for treating depression should be followed. That said, special consideration needs to be given to antidepressant medications while pregnant and breastfeeding. Psychotherapy is often the first line of defense when treating perinatal depression. During therapy, you can begin to understand your diagnosis and how it impacts your life. A therapist will also work with you to develop strategies that decrease the severity of the symptoms. There are several forms of psychotherapy, but two, in particular, have been studied in treating perinatal depression.   Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) emphasizes the link between thoughts and feelings. Through counseling sessions, you will work to identify and reframe negative thinking patterns into positive thoughts. This can help you recognize how your thinking influences your emotions.   The use of interpersonal therapy has also been successful in treating perinatal depression. This type of therapy focuses on treating interpersonal issues thought to contribute to the development of depression, with the goal of social adjustment and improving your relationships with other people. Get Treatment With the 7 Best Online Help Resources for Depression Your doctor may also talk to you about antidepressants, which are a group of drugs commonly prescribed for treating depression. They work by increasing levels of a group of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters (primarily serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) which are involved in regulating mood. While differing opinions exist on the use of antidepressants during pregnancy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants during pregnancy and the postpartum period. ?? Talk with your doctor about the risks associated with taking medication during pregnancy, as well as any risks associated with untreated depression. They can help you decide what’s best for you. Additionally, acupuncture during pregnancy may be a helpful intervention in the management of depression symptoms.  ?? Taking Antidepressants During Pregnancy Coping Managing the symptoms of depression while pregnant and caring for a newborn can feel overwhelming at times. In addition to any treatment plan that involves therapy or medication, there are some self-care and coping tips you can try in order to alleviate some of the symptoms. hile  help them cope with stress and reduce symptoms of maternal depression Exercise and physical activity. Staying physically active and engaging in exercises that you enjoy not only benefits your health, but it can also reduce the symptoms of depression.?? Try to include some form of exercise most days of the week. Talk with your doctor if you’re unsure of the safety of a particular activity.Adequate rest. Quality sleep and rest during pregnancy and the postpartum period is critical to managing the symptoms of depression and the health of your baby. Insufficient sleep can make coping with the stressors of life more challenging. While waking up during the night is common, try to get seven or more hours of sleep each night, which is the recommended amount for adults.  Healthy diet and nutrition. Your body needs additional calories and nutrients when pregnant and breastfeeding. To support overall health, focus on a diet full of fresh fruit, vegetables, healthy fats, complex carbohydrates, and lean protein.  Support groups. One way to help ease some of the s tress and feelings of loneliness is to find your community. Whether it’s friends, other women going through the same thing, family members, or  a support group run by a therapist, sharing this experience with others can help you feel supported and find new ways to cope.   8 Ways to Improve Your Mood When Living With Depression A Word From Verywell Pregnancy and motherhood can produce a range of feelings from sheer excitement and joyful celebration to sadness, loneliness, and emptiness. For some women, these ups and downs are temporary, but for others, these feelings persist or increase in intensity as time goes on. If you’re experiencing any symptoms of perinatal depression, the most important thing to remember is that you are not alone. There are safe and effective ways to treat and manage the symptoms of depression. That’s why it’s important to talk to your doctor right away. Asking for help is the first step in finding ways to feel better so you can begin to enjoy this incredible time in your life.   Why Getting Treatment for Prenatal Depression Is so Important

The Bosnian Genocide - Free Essay Example

The Bosnian Genocide The term Genocide may just be another term in the dictionary but the weight of the meaning of the term is tremendous. The term Genocide was first spotted in the book Axis Rule authored by a Polish Lawyer named Raphael Lemkin in the year 1944. Genos means Race or tribe and cide means killing. The author coined this term in response to the various mass killings that had taken place in history. Genocide was not recognized as a crime until the year 1946. The UNGA was the committee behind making genocide a crime. In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: Killing members of the group; Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. (United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.html) Genocide is something that cannot happen without preparation and takes a lot of tactical and strategical planning. There are precisely 8 stages involved in genocide. The 8 stages are; Classification, Symbolization, Dehumanization, Organization, Polarization, Preparation, Extermination and Denial. These eight stages were given by Dr. Gregory. H. Stanton. He stated that these stages can occur simultaneously or in any order. He also stated that it could be stopped at any stage.   The psychological state of mind of a person who wishes to commit genocide is indeed fascinating. The thoughts that are needed to perform such a heinous crime is in fact dark and inhuman. The impact a genocide leaves on society is unnerving. Genocide is by far the worst way to die and the most soulless crime. The Bosnian Genocide Bosnia is located on the northern part of the nation called Bosnia and Herzegovina. The entire nation is informally known as Bosnia. Bosnia is a place haunted by what its people did to one another during times of war. In the aftermath of WW2, the states of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia etc fell into the peoples republic of Yugoslavia. After a few years of growing nationalism since the death of Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavs leader) Bosnia, Croatia and Macedonia declared independence. After his death, politicians of Serbia and Croatia were at each others throats competing for supremacy. Following this, war broke out in Yugoslavia which lasted for about 5 years. The siege of Sarajevo marks the beginning of the genocide. The militants of Serb opened fire on innocent civilians and took a lot of lives. After this, approximately 400,000 civilians were trapped and were deprived of food, water and shelter. The United Nations tried to intervene and deployed troops sending food and medicine to the dispossessed muslims. But these troops were not allowed to interfere. The Serbs were so confident that the U.S government, United nations and the European community wouldnt intervene.   By the time the siege was over, the city of Sarajevo had lost around 200,000 people. Bosnia boasted the single largest muslim population by the year 1971. Bosnia had a population of 4 million people out of which 44% were Bosniak, 31% were Serb and 17% were Croatian.   Few years after independence, The Bosnian Serb forces allied with the Serb dominated Yugoslavs army committed heinous acts of crime on the large population of the Bosniak muslims. This was the worst act of genocide after the holocaust. The violence and killings didnt stop there. The next worse thing to happen was the Srebrenica Massacre. Srebrenica was a small town dominated by Bosniak muslims. The UN had shipped around 600 Dutch soldiers as a part of the peace keeping force because this place was deemed to be a ?Safe Haven. Those troops were very inefficient and weak. Serb militants forcefully separated men, women and children. Men were sent for questioning and women and children were deported. Some men were sent to concentration camps where they were tortured, beaten and exposed to inhuman conditions and the other men were all lined up and shot dead. Women were taken hostage to places commonly described as Rape camps which needs no explanation. The kind of environment these people were exposed to wouldve made them feel less human and wouldve wanted to choose the cowards way out. But they were tortured and killed slowly. The people who did this enjoyed dropping bodies and seeing people lose their loved ones in fro nt of their own eyes.   This is not only mass killing but mass rape as well. The families of the men and women that were sent off to such places are still called to identify bodies that are being found even to this day. The mental trauma they undergo is indescribable. The Serbs who did all this felt that they were much superior than the Bosniaks and felt that the Bosniaks needed an ethical cleansing. Now this ?they vs us mentality automatically created a barrier between the two and established a power distance between them. By the end of all this horror, the death toll was approximately over 200,000. And another 2 million people were separated from their own homes and families. Was Justice served? While the war was still in place, the UN finally decided to step in and start prosecuting the people responsible for this. The UN set up the ?International Criminal Tribunal in The Hague, Netherlands. 161 people were indicted, and 90 people were convicted and sentenced. The main culprits involved were Radovan Karadzic, Slobodan Milosevic and the infamous ?Butcher of Bosnia Ratko Mladic. (Retrieved from https://worldwithoutgenocide.org/genocides-and-conflicts/bosnia ) Radovan Karadzic was charged with genocide and crimes against humanity for carrying out the siege of Sarajevo and the Srebrenica massacre which claimed the lives of over 8000 boys and men. He was given a sentence of 40 years. Milosevic was indicted but was found dead in his prison cell. Due to this, all the charges against genocide, war crimes etc had to be dropped. Ratko Mladic, the head of the Serb army was charged with genocide, murder, inhumane acts etc. His most noticeable roles were in the siege of Sarajevo and leading the Srebrenica massacre. He was found guilty for all the charges and now faces a lifetime in prison. The worst part about Mladics sentencing is that he was found guilty for all those charges on November 22, 2017. To conclude, researching about this was indeed very painful. Reading about the death toll and the methods that were used to torture and kill people gave me goosebumps. The fact that people do this just to prove their supremacy over you is heartening. I cannot even put myself in their shoes even for a second to understand why they did what they did. We live in a world where we have the constant urge to fight each other or prove that were number 1. Its high time we start living to bring each other up and to make life peaceful and harmless for our future generations. Bosnia and its people are still haunted by the things that happened to them and will never be able to forgive or forget any of this.

What You Need to Know About the Weak Force

The weak nuclear force is one of the four fundamental forces of physics through which particles interact with each other, together with the strong force, gravity, and electromagnetism. Compared to both electromagnetism and the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force has a much weaker intensity, which is why it has the name weak nuclear force. The theory of the weak force was first proposed by Enrico Fermi in 1933 and was known at that time as Fermis interaction. The weak force is mediated by two types of gauge bosons: the Z boson and W boson. Weak Nuclear Force Examples The weak interaction plays a key role in radioactive decay, the violation of both parity symmetry and  CP symmetry, and changing the flavor of quarks (as in beta decay). The theory that describes the weak force is called quantum flavourdynamics (QFD), which is analogous to quantum chromodynamics (QCD) for the strong force and quantum electrodynamics (QFD) for the electromagnetic force. Electro-weak theory (EWT) is the more popular model of the nuclear force. The weak nuclear force is also referred to as the weak force, the weak nuclear interaction, and the weak interaction. Properties of the Weak Interaction The weak force is different from the other forces because: It is the only force that violates  parity-symmetry (P).It is the only force that violates charge-parity symmetry (CP).It is the only interaction that can change one kind of quark into another or its flavor.The weak force is propagated by carrier particles that have significant masses (about 90  GeV/c). The key quantum number for particles in the weak interaction is a physical property known as the weak isospin, which is equivalent to the role that electric spin plays in the electromagnetic force and color charge in the strong force. This is a conserved quantity, meaning that any weak interaction will have a total isospin sum at the end of the interaction as it had at the beginning of the interaction. The following particles have a weak isospin of 1/2: electron neutrinomuon neutrinotau neutrinoup quarkcharm quarktop quark The following particles have a weak isospin of -1/2: electronmuontaudown quarkstrange quarkbottom quark The Z boson and W boson are both much more massive than the other gauge bosons that mediate the other forces (the photon for electromagnetism and the gluon for the strong nuclear force). The particles are so massive that they decay very quickly in most circumstances. The weak force has been unified together with the electromagnetic force as a single fundamental electroweak force, which manifests at high energy (such as those found within particle accelerators). This unification work received the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics, and further work on proving that the mathematical foundations of the electroweak force were renormalizable received the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.